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The 1876–77 Constantinople Conference ((トルコ語:Tersane Konferansı) "Shipyard Conference", after the venue ''Tersane Sarayı'' "Shipyard Palace") of the Great Powers (Britain, Russia, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) was held in Constantinople (now Istanbul)〔Finkel, Caroline, ''Osman's Dream'', (Basic Books, 2005), 57; "''Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930.''".〕 from 23 December 1876 until 20 January 1877. Following the beginning of the Herzegovinian Uprising in 1875 and the April Uprising in April 1876, the Great Powers agreed on a project for political reforms both in Bosnia and in the Ottoman territories with a majority〔Correspondence respecting the Conference at Constantinople and the affairs of Turkey: 1876–1877. Parliamentary Papers No 2 (1877). p. 340.〕 Bulgarian population. ==Participants== The Great Powers were represented at the conference respectively by:〔H. Sutherland Edwards. (''Sir William White K.C.B., K.C.M.G., For Six Years Ambassador at Constantinople''. ) London: John Murray, 1902.〕 * United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: : Lord Salisbury and Sir Henry Elliot; * Russian Empire: : Count Nikolay Ignatyev (historical spelling Nicolai Ignatieff); * French Republic: : Count Jean-Baptiste de Chaudordy and Count François de Bourgoing; * German Empire: : Baron Karl von Werther; * Austro-Hungarian Empire: : Baron Heinrich von Calice and Count Ferenc Zichy; * Kingdom of Italy: : Count Luigi (Lodovico) Corti. Of these, Lord Salisbury, Count de Chaudordy and Baron von Calice were Ambassadors Plenipotentiary to the conference, while Count Ignatyev, Sir Henry Elliot, Count de Bourgoing, Baron von Werther, Count Zichy and Count Corti were the resident Ambassadors of their countries in Constantinople. The US Consul General in Constantinople, Eugene Schuyler also took an active part in drafting the conference decisions.〔(The Eastern Question. The Constantinople Conference. What May Be Expected from the Meeting. The Foreign Representatives and How They Are Treated. The Report of the American Consul General. Various Items of Interest. ) New York Times, 31 December 1876.〕 The Ottoman Empire was represented at the conference by: : Midhat Pasha, Saffet Pasha and Edhem Pasha. Midhat Pasha was the Grand Vizier (First Minister), and Saffet Pasha the Foreign Minister of the Ottoman Empire. Although the Ottoman representatives participated in the plenaries of the conference, they were not invited to the preceding working sessions at which the Great Powers negotiated their agreement. Lord Salisbury and Count Ignatyev played a leading role in the process. Ignatyev was trying to dispel British misgivings about Russia’s assumed role of a protector of the Orthodox Slavs being but a disguise of its drive to take over the Black Sea Straits and Constantinople itself and thus – as Prime Minister Disraeli feared – potentially threaten the vital Mediterranean routes to British India.〔Buckle G.E., W.F. Monypenny, (The Constantinople Conference ), in: ''The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield''. Vol. VI, p. 84.〕 On his part, Salisbury saw the conference as a promising opportunity for mapping out a comprehensive deal with Russia over their conflicting territorial ambitions in Central Asia.〔Sneh Mahajan. (''British Foreign Policy, 1874–1914: The role of India''. ) London and New York: Routledge, 2002. p. 40.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Constantinople Conference」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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